THE ROLE OF MAXILLARY EXPANSION IN IMPROVING NASAL AIRFLOW AND SLEEP-DISORDERED BREATHING: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW

Carmen Amititeloaie, Cristian Liviu Romanec, Tinela Panaite, Marcel Costuleanu

ABSTRACT

Maxillary expansion, including rapid maxillary expansion (RME) and surgically assisted rapid maxillary expansion (SARME), is an effective intervention for addressing airway obstruction and improving respiratory function. This systematic review evaluates the anatomical and functional impacts of maxillary expansion on airway health, with a focus on nasal cavity dimensions, airway resistance, and sleep-disordered breathing. Materials and Methods: A systematic review of studies published between 1970 and 2019 was conducted. Inclusion criteria targeted studies evaluating the effects of RME and SARME using advanced diagnostic tools such as cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT), rhinomanometry, and polysomnography (PSG). Both pediatric and adult populations were analyzed to assess outcomes in nasal cavity expansion, reductions in airway resistance, and improvements in sleep-related breathing disorders.Results: Maxillary expansion significantly increased nasal cavity dimensions, with width increases ranging from 2.5 to 5.8 mm. Pediatric patients undergoing RME demonstrated a 28% increase in nasal volume and reduced nasal resistance by 30% to 45%, reflecting improved airflow. PSG results showed reductions in the apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) by 50% to 70% in children and 30% to 50% in adults, alongside improved oxygen saturation levels. Longitudinal studies confirmed the stability of these outcomes, with minimal relapse observed over 1–3 years.Conclusion: Maxillary expansion effectively enhances nasal airflow, reduces airway resistance, and improves sleep-disordered breathing, particularly in pediatric populations. The integration of advanced imaging and functional assessments underscores its role as a multidisciplinary solution for respiratory dysfunctions. Further research is needed to optimize treatment protocols and explore long-term outcomes, particularly in adult populations.

DOI : 10.62610/RJOR.2025.3.17.14