Anamaria Zaharescu, Sonia Teodora Statescu Manaila, Antoanela Magdalena Covaci, Razvan Leata, Mariana Ilie, Gabriela Stan, Ovidiu Schipor
Abstract
Periodontitis is a prevalent chronic inflammatory disease that results in the destruction of tooth-supporting structures and can lead to tooth loss if not properly diagnosed and managed. Recent advances in molecular diagnostics have highlighted the utility of saliva as a non-invasive diagnostic fluid rich in biomarkers that reflect both local periodontal inflammation and systemic influences. This scoping review synthesizes current evidence on the role of salivary biomarkers in periodontitis, with a focus on their classification, diagnostic accuracy, prognostic potential, and the technological advancements that facilitate their clinical application. Pro-inflammatory cytokines (e.g., IL-1β, TNF-α), matrix metalloproteinases (MMP-8, MMP-9), immune-modulatory proteins (suPAR, galectin-1), and microbial components have shown strong correlations with periodontal disease activity. Factors such as smoking, systemic conditions, genetic predisposition, and microbiota composition significantly influence salivary biomarker levels. Technological developments, including point-of-care diagnostic devices and multiplex assays, are accelerating the transition toward real-time, personalized periodontal care. Despite promising results, further standardization and large-scale validation are necessary before routine clinical implementation. Salivary biomarkers represent a promising frontier in non-invasive periodontal diagnostics and personalized therapeutic strategies.
DOI : 10.62610/RJOR.2025.3.17.12
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