Iulia Alexa, Octavia Balean, Vlad Tiberiu Alexa, Vanessa Bolchis, Ramona Dumitrescu, Simona Popescu, Daniela Jumanca
DOI : 10.62610/RJOR.2025.2.17.88
ABSTRACT
Aim of the study The objective of this study was to investigate the bidirectional relationship between diabetes mellitus and periodontal disease, in the context of systemic comorbidities and multimorbidity. Materials and methods This cross-sectional observational study analyzed a cohort of 254 patients diagnosed with periodontal disease, divided into three groups: patients without systemic conditions (controls), patients with diabetes mellitus as the primary comorbidity, and patients with multimorbidity (diabetes associated with at least one other chronic condition such as cardiovascular, hepatic, or metabolic disease). The main clinical parameters assessed were probing depth (PD), plaque index (PI), and bleeding on probing (BOP). Normality was tested using the Shapiro-Wilk test, and intergroup differences were analyzed via the non-parametric Kruskal-Walli’s test. Results Statistically significant differences were found for probing depth (p = 0.003) and plaque index (p < 0.001), with the most severe values observed in diabetic and multimorbid patients compared to the control group. Bleeding on probing did not reach statistical significance (p = 0.069), but was clinically elevated, reflecting the persistent inflammatory status characteristic of chronic periodontitis. Conclusions Diabetes mellitus is associated with more advanced periodontal destruction, and this association is further accentuated when accompanied by additional systemic diseases. These findings support the existence of a bidirectional relationship between diabetes and periodontal disease, highlighting the relevance of integrated care in the context of multimorbidity.
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