Skurtu Marian, Doriana Agop Forna, Paula Manole, Vasilica Toma
Abstract
Apexification is an essential endodontic procedure for treating immature permanent teeth with pulp necrosis and open apex. Recent advances in bioactive calcium silicate-based materials have significantly improved treatment predictability and reduced clinical time compared with traditional calcium hydroxide techniques. Objective: To analyze the biological mechanisms, physico-chemical properties, and clinical outcomes of Mineral Trioxide Aggregate (MTA) and Biodentine in modern apexification procedures. Methods: A narrative review of recent literature (2021–2026) focusing on clinical studies, systematic reviews, and in vitro investigations evaluating the performance of MTA and Biodentine in apexification of immature permanent teeth. Results: Both materials demonstrate high clinical success rates exceeding 90%, promoting mineralized apical barrier formation and periapical healing. Biodentine shows advantages in handling properties, reduced setting time, and improved esthetic outcomes. Conclusions: MTA and Biodentine represent reliable biomaterials for apexification. Biodentine offers clinical advantages in single-visit protocols, while MTA remains extensively validated in long-term studies.
DOI : 10.62610/RJOR.2025.1.18.6
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