THE ROLE OF JAW AND ORAL MUSCULATURE ANATOMY IN PROSTHETIC REHABILITATION

Kamel Earar, Anamaria Zaharescu, Dorin Ioan Cocos, Gabriel Valeriu Popa, Norina Consuela Forna, Doriana Agop Forna, Alina-Ramona Dimofte

Abstract

The success of prosthetic rehabilitation depends on a comprehensive understanding of the anatomy and functional dynamics of the jaw and oral musculature. These structures play a vital role in mastication, speech, and mandibular stabilization, directly influencing denture retention, occlusal balance, and long-term oral health. This review explores the intricate relationship between muscles, bone, and prosthetic devices, emphasizing the biomechanical and functional factors essential for predictable treatment outcomes. The masticatory muscles, such as the masseter and temporalis, generate multidirectional forces that shape mandibular morphology and affect bone remodeling through constant mechanical stimulation. Factors such as diet consistency, occlusal loading, and clinical interventions like botulinum toxin injections can significantly alter muscular activity and bone integrity, impacting prosthetic stability. Reduced functional stimulation leads to muscle atrophy and accelerated bone resorption, while active mastication and balanced force distribution promote healthier adaptation of oral tissues. Furthermore, malocclusion and temporomandibular disorders complicate rehabilitation, requiring individualized treatment strategies. By integrating anatomical knowledge, biomechanical considerations, and patient-specific functional therapies, clinicians can design prosthetic solutions that optimize both esthetics and long-term performance. Future directions include the use of advanced digital technologies and biomaterials to enhance muscle-prosthesis interactions and maintain the structural integrity of the stomatognathic system.

DOI : 10.62610/RJOR.2025.3.17.21